IN MEOMERY OF BABASAHEB
AMBEDKAR 10 NOTES ON SRUSHTIYATA AND
INDIAN ENLIGHTENMENT 30th Nov to 8th Dec 2015
SHAIVACHARY SHRIDHAR TILVE-NAIK
After establishing fact
that Shaiv agam was India's first adhyatmik venture now we can proceed for next
discussion. Last two centuries we are consistently discussing the conflict
issue in various perspectives. The issue is right now hot because the main
partner in this conflict got elected in national election and established
itself as one of two major political parties as BJP .
The first SRUSHTIY SOCIAL CONFLICT arose in
form of NAVSHAIV V/S NIGAM . So let's start from it.
VIRSHAIV AGAM V/S NIGAM
It all started in 12th century with
Basweshwar (1131 - 1167) . He was born and brought up in SHAIV BRAHMIN FAMILY
but left home because as per Shaiv tradition his MUNJ was initiated with
SHIVLING which he found bad because vedik families around him didn't find it
appropriate and made fun of his
SHIVLING. He did his Tapascharya in KUNDALSANGAM area for 12 years and attained
KAIVLYA OR NIRWAN. He founded new kind of religious university titled ''KALAYAN
ANUBHAVMANDAP''
He preached following teaching
ABOUT MOKSH
1 BRAHMINS AREN'T
NEEDED: He simply asked one question, ''Can you eat food through mediator? No!
You have to eat food yourselves. Just like that you have to eat kaivlya
yourself. No brahmin can satisfy your hunger. You have to do it yourself. So
Brahmins aren't needed''
ABOUT ARTH
2 KSHATRIYAS ROLE IS
QUESTIONABLE: After preaching his religion he did action also. The brahmin
named Madhuvaras had daughter named Ratna. Basweshwar married her to Shilvant ,
son of shudra or atishudra (chambhar) (It's debatable). It created havoc in
Brahmins and they complained to RAJA BIJWAL. Instead of supporting progressive
thought he like true VAISHNAVI raised
conflict against Basweshwar. Naturally Basweshwar put questions about role of
king.
3 DON'T BECOME LAZY
LIKE SHRESHTHI AND BE KAYAK : At that time elites from BRAHMIN , KSHTRIY AND
VAISHYAS became SHRESHTHI who controlled economy of society. Basweshwar
introduced the term KAYAK which means proper physical labour for livelihood. He
asked his followers to become laborer. He said ,'' Everybody should work hard
and do labour work.'' In this sense he was forefather of MAO-TSCHE-TUNG. His
Brahmin-follower also accepted it and spread this message all over India.
Unfortunately in north Vaidik created new cast out of them which emerged as
KAYASTH BRAHMIN. KAYASTH BRAHMIN means brahmin who believes in KAYAK.
ABOUT DHARM
4 ALL HUMAN BEINGS
ARE EQUAL: He proclaimed that all are equal and hence caste system is against
equality he asked to eradicate it. He himself tried to eradicate cast system by
inter-cast marriages . He asked ,'' How one can be bhakt who consider cast while
marriage?''
ABOUT KAM
5 SEX IS GOOD .DO IT
ETHICALLY. SUPPRESSION OF SEX CREATED MANY PROBLEMS OF MIND: For Shaivism sex
was not dogma. Naturally Basweshwar questioned NIGMIK KAM and asked his
followers to do proper sex with ethical rules and regulations. He asked them to
enjoy it. Chakradhar was so frightened by his preaching about sex
and followers who followed it in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh that he banned
MAHANUBHAVI to enter in this area.
After Basweshwar
whole scenario changed. Muslims established themselves as ruler IN NORTH and
whole project of modernity initiated by Basweshwar went on bachfoot .
WHY DNYANESHWAR AND CHAKRADHAR FAILED TO CREATE NEW NIGAM?
WHY DNYANESHWAR AND
CHAKRADHAR FAILED TO CREATE NEW NIGAM? It's one of the crucial question in the
history of India because it became failure of whole bhakti movement in India .
Surprisingly both reformers in Maharashtra CHAKRADHAR AND DNYANESHWAR were
NATHSAMPRADAYI SHAIV.
Curious and strange case of SANT CHAKRADHAR
First we will
discuss the curious and strange case of SANT CHAKRADHAR.
He was Shaiv and he
started his SADHNA as YOGI but it didn't become fruitful in his personal
spiritual journey. Chakradhar went against YOG and like true seeker changed his
track and became Vaishnav . It became fruitful for him and he got enlightenment
through it. Naturally he advocated Vaishnavism but his social upbringing in
Shaiv didn't allow him to follow caste system and he rebelled against vedik
tradition. It's ajeebogarib combination. He was spiritually Vaishnav and
socially Shaiv. For Vaishnav followers it was confusing situation on social
level while for Shaivas he wasn't Shaiv because he was spiritually Vaishnav who
is worshipping Vishnu and Krishna. It suffocated his panth from both sides.
Addition to this Chakradhar
himself ordered his disciples to strict themselves to Maharashtra which
restricted it's spread.
An arrival of Muslim
added more problem for the sect. After defeat of Vaishnav kings his followers
transformed whole teaching in mysterious script which nobody understood outside
sect. It destroyed the communication between Mahanubhavi and society. It was
religious suicide which they didn't understand while committing it.
Curious and strange case of SANT DNYANESHWAR
Like Chakradhar Sant
Dnyaneshwar also was SHAIV. In DNYANESHWARI he has mentioned it.
He said ; '' adiguru
SHANKARA | lagoni shishyaparampara |
bodhacha ha sansara | ala jo
amute ||
In 12 th adhya he
clearly said'
''tari shradhavastusi adru |
karita janije prakaru |
jari hoy sri-guru | SADASHIV ||
216 ||
Yet instead of taking social stand like
BASWESHWAR , SANT DNYANESHWAR like
CHAKRADHAR ALSO compromised with GITA
and avoided SHAIV V/S VAISHNAV conflict probably because of murder or Samadhi
of BASWESHWAR . Though CHAKRADHAR opposed chaturvarnya he never opposed it in
action. Because of them Bhakti movement suddenly became Vaishnav Nigami
Movement except GURU NANAK.
NEOVIREKAM AGAM
V/S ISLAM
Muslims came in INDIA with
sword in one hand as well as religion in form of QURAN in another hand .They
conquered India and Muslim rulers with an exception of AKBAR were under
influence of Muslim clerics who were interested in conversion of all Hindus. It
created lot of stir in Hindustani mind and it created second srushtiy conflict
SHIKH V/S MUSLIM. SHIKH was the EKAM AGAM AND MUSLIM MONOTHEISTIC RELIGON
GURU NANAK :THE MAN WHO CHANGED SAINTLIHOOD
GURU NANAK was born
and brought up in Nigam tradition but environment compelled him to create new
Ekam. Just like Zarathustra he went away from his roots and cultivated his own
garden. What compelled him to do it? He has himself written about it
''Kaliyug is a
dagger
Kings are butchers
Dharma has taken
wings and disappeared
In the black night
of falsehood
The moon of truth is
nowhere to be seen
I am lost in the
search
I find no way out of
the darkness
Afflicted with the
ego I wail in sorrow
Says Nanak how do I
attain deliverance?
or
There is none
Who receives or
gives not bribe
Even the king
distribute justice
When his palm is
greased
(see SIKH GURUS BY K
S DUGGAL PAGE 6 UBSPD 2007)
Guru Nanak mentioned Babar as invader and
blamed contemporary kings for disasters as they didn't protect people from
invaders. Like today Vaishnavpanthi , Nathpanthi went sleep and ignored social
as Maya. Actually agam and nigam both should feel ashamed of their structure
which compelled Guru Nanak to set up new agam . He was not born in agam
tradition but like Ambedkar he also realized that his current nigam in which he
was born is not going to solve social
problem and ho took severe stand. He created fifth independent INDIAN AGAM
after SHAIV AGAM , JAIN AGAM, BOUDH AGAM AND VIRSHAIV OR LINGAYAT AGAM. IT'S
NAMED AS SHIKH.
1 LIKE SHAIV HE
BELIEVED IK ONKAR AS GOD BUT HE went against asceticism and criticized it
BECAUSE HE WAS BHAKT AND GYANI. He reintroduced Shaiv concept: Mukti with
gruhsthi.
2 LIKE SHAIV HE ALSO
DIDN'T BELIEVE samudraparyatanbandi AND HE BROKE IT by going KABA and other
places.
3 LIKE SHAIV HE ALSO
DIDN'T BELIEVE rotibandi AND BROKE IT by introducing LANGAR and proclaim UNITY
of all. SELFLESS SERVICE was his motto.
4 LIKE SHAIV HE ALSO
DIDN'T BELIEVE caste system AND TO BREAK IT he introduced SANGAT . In sangat everybody was
equal. It ultimately broke betibandi.
5 LIKE SHAIV He also
proclaimed that everybody has right to defend and social justice must be done
as part of honest conduct . LIKE SHAIV HE ALSO DIDN'T BELIEVE vegetarianism and
He rebelled against it ON BANKS OF GANGA where he took nonveg food in front of
Pandits.
6 He rebelled
against vaishnav rituals introduced by Ramanujacharya and others . For him LOVE
IS GOD AND GOD IS ONE . He rejectcted proselytization and claimed that no
particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth as was claimed
by Muslim.
7 LIKE SHAIV Basweshwar
Guru Nanak also asked his disciples to do hard-work and honest conduct and
sharing of riches with poor people. Result is obvious, both SHIKH IN NORTH AND LINGAYAT IN SOUTH are
richest community of India and you will rarely find beggars in these two
communities.
8 He asked for REALIZATION OF TRUTH AND TRUTHFUL
LIVING. He said that EGO , ANGER , GREED
, ATTACHMENT AND LUST ARE FIVE THIEVES
9 He proclaimed, ''GOD is but one all pervading
spirit, and truth is its name! It exists in all creation; it does not fear; it
does not hate; it is timeless and universal and self-existent, You will come to
know it through seeking knowledge and learning!"
With this Sikhs stood against
MUSLIM. In the conflict Guru
Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur were executed after they refused to convert in
Islam. The sixth Guru Hargobind
proclaimed
that the political/temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms should be mutually coexistent hereafter which was
followed by shikhs and later KHALSA THE SECOND VERSION OF SHIKH AGAM emerged
out of it. It was rebel against conversion policy of MUSLIMS and three gurus
sacrificed their life for it. Only Akbar sat with them in their langar and
Jahangir and Aurangzeb killed their GURUS.
Within decades they established
SHIKH EMPIRE AND LITERARY OCCUPIED AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN AND NORTHEN AREA OF
INDIA.
The muslims first time felt the
heat of fighting and warship after THREE centuries in India. Shikh and Marathas
broke their power and shattered their empire but indirectly it helped third
party i.e. Europeans.
SATNAMI DHARM THIRD VERSION OF SHIKH AGAM V/S NIGAM
Europeans fought each other and
BRITISH emerged as winner in this conflict ESTABLISHED THEIR FIRST REGIME IN
BENGAL.
Initially British
tried to indianise themselves because INDIANS AND BRITISH were on equal
platform. They came here without women and for sex they wanted Indian women and
to woo Indian women THEY started to indianise themselves . For trading and
salesmanship also little bit INDIANISATION was necessary and it was thrilling
and adventurous to do it. Naturally some of them married to Indian women but
after BLACK HOLE TRAGEDY IN CALCUTTA everything changed . British as a revenge
literary transformed Bengal into BLACK HOLE and taxed so heavily that it
crashed the backbone of Bengali Economy. All artisans like ironsmiths,
goldsmiths , weavers , fishermen, shepherds
who were backbone of VYAPARI SAMUDAY , SHETKARI SAMUDAY and PASHUPALAK
SAMUDAY started losing their professions
to BRITISH MADE OR SPONSERED PRODUCTS
and in famine between 1750 to 1755 out of 3 cr population almost one third I mean one crores people died and all of them
were related to these three SAMUDAY. It was second great massacre after first
massacre of ALLAUDDIN KHILJI in which he killed all vaishyas in
Maharashtra in his aggression and VAISHYAS in Maharashtra disappeared forever
and MARATHI CULTURE also lost VAISHYA TOUCH forever after it and only those
were saved who became farmers forever. Same happened in BENGAL and almost all VAISHYA COMMUNITY lost in
famine and BENGALI CULTURE which was famous for trade lost VAISHYA touch
forever and only those were saved who ran into farming. Nobody talked about it
because it is about vaishyas and there is mutual understanding about hating
each other and keeping silence about each other . British just ignored it
because they wanted it .
SLOWLY they conquered
India but from the beginning their agenda TRADE FOR MAXIMUM PROFIT was clear.
East India Company was typical capitalist company. As described by KARL MARX it
was representing shameless MARX-AGE capitalism who wasn't at all ashamed of
sucking human blood for profit and which did all kind of exploiting shamelessly
. Surprisingly they were so clear about it that when their own missionry Dr.
Lounge asked questions about exploitation of indigo workers working in fields (MALHE)
owned by british capitalist they injailed him .(see SWAMI VIVEKAND COLLECTED
WORKS OF SWAMI VIVEKANAND VOLUME 10 PAGE NO 151 EDITION YEAR 2002)
They found new
loyalty in brahmins who just didn't bother about workers because for them
workers were Shudras. . They also didn't
bother about Rulers and who are ruling
in India unless their community interest is threatened. BRITISH need
babus to rule here and BRAHMIN wanted new jobs in new regime . When Muslim
rulers came they did same thing and helped to fulfill MUSLIM AGENDA and now
BRITISH SETTLED THEIR POLITICAL GAME and BRAHMINS provided the same kind of
agenda-stuff.
On such background NIGAM V/S EKAM AGAM conflict reemerged in Chhattisgarh
around 1820 . After fall of sanatani PESHWAI by the hands of BRITISH Chatisgad
area came out of MARATHA REGIME and PRANAMI PANTH ACCEPTED BY CHATRASAL,
MASTANI(A daughter of his Muslim wife) AND promoted by FIRST BAJIRAO PESHWA once again REVITALIZED
it's activities . SATNAMI PANTH also revitalized itself . A chamar named SANT GHASIDAS under the influence of SATNAMI PANTH A BRANCH
OF EKAM NIGAM ''SHIKH'' collected all Hindu Gods and threw them in heap and
declined Brahmins, Pujas and temples and established his kind of SATNAMI DHARM .
Like BASWESHWAR It was agamik rebel against Nigam. He advocated the God who is
formless and everywhere. His stood against Brahmins . He
advocated 9 pillars of dharm
·
1
Satya TRUTH
·
2. Karm GOOD DEEDS AND HARD WORK
·
3 Dhairya COURAGE AND VALOUR
·
4 Lagan DEVOTION
·
5 Karoonna, COMPASSION
·
6 Dayaa,
PITY
·
7 Kshamaa
FORGIVENESS
·
8 Saralataa
SIMPLE LIVING
·
9 Vyavahaar
TRUE DEALING WITH SOCIETY
No
brahmin was required in his dharm . It means battle against Brahmanism was on
BEFORE FULE. Unfortunately British Raj never understood this conflict and they
encouraged caste system for their own interest .
HISTORY OF MANUSMRUTI and
BRITISH RAJ
Without knowing the history of
MANUSMRUTI in British Raj it's impossible to understand the conflicts in Modern
India. History of Manusmruti is very complicated and obscure also because
nobody knows whether it was beginning or end point of smruti literature. I
think it is beginning and after it in Gupta period SMRUTIS became soft without
changing their agenda of BRAHMINICAL DOMINANCE ON INDIAN SOCIETY.
Before MANUSMRUTI India was dominated
by SHAIV DANDNITI GIVEN BY GUPTA LEGACY . Unfortunately it was not followed by
DHANANAND and his brother VISHNUGUPT who had taken nath-sannyas and working as
Amatya warned him many times . After enough waiting Vishnugupt realized that
his brother is useless fellow to become NANDA(king) and gave him last warning.
Instead of listening him DHANAGUPT /DHANANANDA insulted him badly and
Vishnugupt decided to replace him. Unfortunately all sons of Dhananand were
photocopies of father and Vishnugupt started searching right person for
kingship outside Dhananand's KINGLY wedlock. He found it in son of MURA who was
just another wife of Dhananand . The son was named as Chandragupt . He trained
him properly and became successful in placing him as KING. The king carried
name of both parents -Mourya(SON OF MURA) as well as GUPT. Vishnugupt updated
legacy of arthshastra and written NEW ARTHSHASTRA which was suitable for his
period. For Brahmins it was ARTHSHASTRA WRITTEN BY VAISHYA FOR VAISHYA KINGS.
Naturally they didn't complaint initially but when implementation was executed
immediately after its arrival it created silent discomfort in their mind. Their
BRAHMAN texts were completely overlooked by Vishnugupt but there was no
injustice to them. Unfortunately after some centuries of rule BRUHDRATH came on
throne . He was another version of DHANANAND who was interested only in his
personnel pleasures. As A.H. Salkunkhe established facts in his book'' मनुस्मृतीच्या समर्थकांची संस्कृती
Manusmrutichya samarthnkanchi sanskruti '' he appointed
Pushymitra Shrung a brahmin senapati against THE RULE OF ARTHSHASTR .
First time in Gupta Dynasty Senapati was
Brahmin. By taking full advantage of situation PUSHYMITR SHRUNG murdered his
king and dethroned his kingdom. He had chance to behave like Vishnugupt and
search suitable waris but he didn't do it because he himself didn't want
rulership of Non brahmin. He had to establish new dandniti and job was handed
over to somebody who will do it . As A.H. Salkunkhe established facts in his book '' मनुस्मृतीच्या समर्थकांची संस्कृती
Manusmrutichya samarthnkanchi sanskruti '' Manusmruti wasn't written by Manu but by BHRUGU .
Bhrugu knew that he
has to write a dandniti which will please his new king and give dharmik legal sanction
to his unethical behaviour and rule. But
he also didn't want defame because of it
, so he took the name of FIRST MANU who was respectable all over kingdom and
wrote it as if he is narrating MANU'S LAWS. Babasaheb Ambedkar named it counter-revolution
. I think it was written to provide
logical explaination to PUSHMITRA SHRUNG'S
anti-state unethical activities but in course of writing it became
manifesto of BRAHMASHAHI . For giving all rights to his BRAHMAN KING he gave
all rights to whole BRAHMIN COMMUNITY and established most non-human barbaric
constitution of world . It seems Bhrugu got success in his project and BRAHMAN
STATE established itself for 150 years and it also put pressure on later GUPTA
DYNASTY . Though through generations , Shrung Dynasty became much more liberal and
tolerant the text and textualization of Manusmruti always dictated rules and
regulation of their state. At that time nobody imagined that Manusmruti would
be emerged as MAIN SMRUTI outside MAGADH KINGDOM but it happened in course of
time and after 12th century it emerged as one of central
text after VED and GITA .. Surprisingly the vanshaj of GUPTA DYNASTY who
established their big shops (pedhyas ) of commerce from Bihar to Kabul helped
British to establish their kingdom to dethrone PESHWAI and other regimes. It
was the perfect revenge on Brahmins who dethroned their VAISHYA kingship by
murdering their king. The circle got complete.
After victory of
British in Bengal when original FIRST GENERATION ORIENTALIST especially William Jones(1746 - 1794) visited
India (In case of William Jones it was his political failure in England that
compelled him to leave England. He wanted reformations in Briton which were
rejected in England )and came into contact with Brahmins they assumed that
Brahmins are representing whole India. It was obvious because in that period
Marathas were dictating terms and conditions all over India and MARATHAS were
led by later PESHWAS who were Brahmins and under the influence of Manusmruti
from Madhavrao Peshwa.
At this time when orientalists saw the rule of East India Company they only
saw chaos and corruption.( See SIR WILLAM JONES BY CHIDAMBAR KULKARNI and DURGA
BHAGWAT NAVI KSHITIJE ISSUE NO 2 APRIL 69
PAGE 169-194) Lord Cornwallis was absolutely exploiting the peasants and whole judicial
system was full of injustice. When William Jones saw it he realized that INDIA
needed universal Hindu Law to stop this injustice . He learned Sanskrut and
translated MANUSMRUTI and presented it as respected holy grand book without
understanding injustice hidden in it. To stop injustice by ENGLISH he introduced
NIGAMIK INJUSTICE unintentionally. His act placed MANUSMRUTI as central text of
debate and created most important debate in India in form of Brahmins v/s
Non-brahmins.
Brahmins provided orientalists
three texts for translation initially and translation of these texts emerged as main
texts of Hinduism.
1 Bhagavad-Gita
2 Manusmruti
3 Shakuntal
British created law
for INDIA by following the translation of Manusmruti translated by WILLAM JONES
titled as THE ORDINANCES OF MANU and first time in India MANUSMRUTI became main
law text or constitution .
After translation of
these texts ORIENTALISM emerged as new
intellectual thriller in field of knowledge and ancient cultures in Asia became
new craze in European intellectuals . First time in the history of Oxford H T Colebrook
and H H Wilson became professor of Sanskrut. In 1818 A W von Schlegel chaired in University of Bonn as Sanskrut professor which
was great appreciation for ORIENTALISM.
First time through
orientalists Brahmins got knowledge in complete form otherwise nobody knew
collectively 8 Vedas, Brahmans , 108 Upanishads , 166 puranas, 300 Ramayanas ,
100 Mahabhartas , Buddhist PITAKS etc . It was just like European History in
which Arabs returned whole GREEK AND
ROMAN tradition to Europe and Europe
attained social enlightenment. What Arabs played for Europe was replayed by Europeans in the history of
India. If orientalists didn't explore Buddhist texts probably Babasaheb
Ambedkar wouldn't happen.
The concept of
Sanatan Dharm emerged after translations otherwise Brahmins didn't know that VEDAS
are that much ancient. Europeans validify claim and they accepted it gladly. It
encouraged restudy of NIGAMS .
Unfortunately in
this first and second phase of Orientalism , Europeans assumed that all Shaiv Agamas
are part of Vedik Nigam tradition and literary gave secondary citizenship to
Shaiv compare to VEDIK, JAIN AND BUDHHIST TEXTS. Only after excavation of INDUS
VALLY CIVILIZATION they realized that something had gone wrong and after 1990
they realized that reach of SHAIV DHAMM was far extended . But till today they
don't have courage to admit that SHAIV DHAMM is different DHAMM and not part
of VAIDIK OR BRAHMANI OR VAISHNAV
RELIGIONS.
ALEKH SHAIVAGAM V/S NIGAM
When nobody was
caring about Shaiv IN INTELLIGENTIA SHAIVAGAM
emerged in new form this time in Orissa in another form of ALAKH
NIRANJAN (an invisible form of MAHALING) sect.
A mysterious yogi named Mahima Gosai (1790 -
1866) from Himalaya emerged as leader and his followers following his teaching
rebelled against cast-based Vaidik society . His main disciple was an adivasi from khond tribe named BHIMA BHOI
whom he taught his principles not for any rebel but for his sadhna. He
presented his Guru's teaching in form of BHAJANS which slowly spread in downtrodden casts and
together they declined and condemned all rituals of upper casts.
He
preached following principles:
1
Believe only ALEKHA an invisible form of SHIV
2
Don't worship any idol
3
Don't believe Caste system and don't follow it.
4
Vaishnavism is unbelievable. Don't follow it.
5
Don't commit adultery
6
Don't consume intoxicants
7
Non-violence
8
Always eat veg food
9
Wake up before sunrise and sleep after sunset .
BHIMA
BHOI added principle of complete surrender to Mahima Prabhu but it was not
given by his Guru. At that time ADIVASI never used to lie or steal . So he
never gave orders about TRUTH AND ACHORY . He reintroduced MATH-SYSTEM for his
disciples originally given by Gorakhnath in his later age.
SHAIVACHARY SHRIDHAR TILVE-NAIK
AN EXPANSION OF PART OF PAPER PRESENTED BY SHRIDHAR
TILVE -NAIK IN AN INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ORGANISED BY JAWAHERLAL NEHRU
UNIVERSITY JNU DATED 17 TH JAN TO 20 TH JAN 2007
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